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La tua guida 101 all'isolamento domestico:sbarazzati di tutti i tuoi problemi di riscaldamento e raffreddamento

Stai lottando per mantenere la temperatura interna desiderata e le tue bollette energetiche salgono alle stelle ogni stagione? L'isolamento domestico può sembrare una seccatura, ma puoi risolvere molti più problemi di riscaldamento e raffreddamento con un'applicazione adeguata.

Sebbene la maggior parte dei proprietari di case abbia una vaga idea dell'isolamento e del suo scopo, pochissimi sono sufficientemente informati per garantire che la loro casa sia adeguatamente isolata.

Se sei pronto a riflettere in dettaglio, allora questa guida approfondita all'isolamento domestico include tutto ciò che devi sapere per iniziare.

Perché hai bisogno dell'isolamento della casa?

Attraverso vari meccanismi, il calore scorre dalle zone più calde alle zone più fredde fino a quando non c'è più una differenza di temperatura. Durante l'inverno, il calore scorre da tutte le aree riscaldate ad aree non riscaldate come soffitte, garage, bagni e anche all'esterno se ci sono fessure e fessure intorno a finestre e porte. Ciò significa che il tuo sistema di riscaldamento lavora più duramente del necessario per contribuire a un maggiore consumo di energia.

Nei mesi estivi accade il contrario. Il calore fluisce dal più caldo all'esterno al più fresco all'interno, il che ostacola l'aria condizionata.

Ecco come l'isolamento domestico può aiutare! Un corretto isolamento della tua casa ridurrà questo trasferimento di calore indesiderato, rendendo inoltre il lavoro della tua unità HVAC molto più semplice!

In che modo l'isolamento domestico influisce sui costi energetici?

Secondo il Dipartimento dell'Energia degli Stati Uniti, il 43% di una bolletta va al riscaldamento e al raffreddamento di una tipica casa. A causa del ricambio d'aria, questa percentuale può aumentare di collettori, lasciando un'ammaccatura nel tuo portafoglio.

Tuttavia, installando un isolamento adeguato, è possibile ridurre drasticamente il trasferimento di calore. Una casa adeguatamente isolata non lascia spazio per la fuoriuscita dell'aria, mantenendo così l'ambiente domestico ideale. La tua unità HVAC non avrà più bisogno di fare gli straordinari per riscaldare o raffreddare la tua casa. Poiché la tua casa non perde aria condizionata a favore di spazi non condizionati, vedrai una significativa riduzione delle bollette energetiche e un ambiente domestico migliore e più confortevole.

Tutto sui valori R dell'isolamento

Il valore R misura la capacità di un materiale di resistere al flusso di calore. Maggiore è il valore R di un materiale, migliore è l'isolante. Aiuta a differenziare i materiali isolanti in base alla loro resistenza termica.

Il valore R dipende da diversi fattori, tra cui il tipo di materiale isolante, lo spessore, la densità e l'età. In genere, un maggiore spessore dell'isolamento aumenterà il valore R.

Quando si installa l'isolamento, tenere presente che il valore R della parete o del soffitto sarà diverso dal valore R del materiale stesso. Questo perché il calore scorre più facilmente attraverso travetti e montanti. Il processo è chiamato ponte termico.

Fare riferimento a questo grafico di EnergyStar per trovare i valori R consigliati in base al proprio clima.

Zone Add Insulation to Attic Floor
Uninsulated Attic Existing 3–4 Inches of Insulation
1 R30 to R49 R25 to R30 R13
2 R30 to R60 R25 to R38 R13 to R19
3 R30 to R60 R25 to R38 R19 to R25
4 R38 to R60 R38 R25 to R30
5 to 8 R49 to R60 R38 to R49 R25 to R30
Wall Insulation – Whenever exterior siding is removed on an: Uninsulated wood-frame wall:
  • Drill holes in the sheathing and blow insulation into the empty wall cavity before installing the new siding, and
  • Zones 3–4:Add R5 insulative wall sheathing beneath the new siding
  • Zones 5–8:Add R5 to R6 insulative wall sheathing beneath the new siding.
OR Insulated wood-frame wall:
  • For Zones 4 to 8:Add R5 insulative sheathing before installing the new siding.

Types of Home Insulation Materials

There are many different types of insulation suitable for various purposes. Some of the most common types of insulation include blanket batts and rolls, rigid foam boards, loose-fill insulation, spray foam insulation, etc.

Each type of insulation has its advantages and disadvantages.

To learn more about different types of insulation and which one is best for you, read this in-depth guide on types of insulation.

Where to Insulate in Your Home?

There are many avenues of air leaks inside your home. Let’s go over some of the most important areas that need insulation for better temperature control.

1. Attic and Roof Insulation

The sun’s harsh rays fall directly on the roof during summers, raising its temperature to astronomical levels. The hot roof radiates heat which travels to the attic. If you are using your attic as a living space or storage room for heat-sensitive equipment, this can create a massive problem.

Even if your attic is unused, it likely contains exposed wires, ducts, and pipes, which can degrade in the presence of heat. An uninsulated roof and attic can also raise the temperature of your entire house. It then leads to creating discomfort and sky-high bills.

Here attic and roof insulation come to your rescue. According to the EPA, homeowners can save 15% on heating and cooling costs by effectively insulating attics, floors over crawlspaces, and accessible basement rim joists.

If you are tight on money, the good news is that you can DIY your attic insulation. Read this in-depth guide on attic insulation to see if you need it and how to do it yourself.

2. Exterior Wall Insulation

Wall insulation has many advantages. It is one of the best steps you can take to prolong the life of your house and make your home more energy-efficient. Exterior wall insulation can help protect your house from extreme temperature changes. This helps lower energy consumption which is also great for the environment!

Some types of wall insulation can also lengthen the lifespan of your house by preventing mold growth. Effective wall insulation is seen as a sign of a well-built home and also increases its resale value.

Exposed Exterior Cavities:

If you are in the process of building your home, chances are your exterior wall cavities are exposed. If that is the case, here are some available options for insulating your exterior walls:

If you’re just getting started with constructing your home, it’s a good idea to talk to your contractor to see if SIPs would be a good fit for you.

Enclosed External Cavities:

If your structure is ready and you are looking to upgrade your insulation, here are some of your options:

3. Interior Wall Insulation

Though insulating interior walls is not a must, it offers numerous advantages:

If you have not started construction yet, consider using insulated concrete forms, concrete block insulation, or structural insulated panels.

If you are in the process of constructing your house and have exposed wall cavities, you can consider foam board insulation or batt and roll insulation.

Spray foam insulation or blown-in insulation are non-invasive alternatives when your home is ready and you do not wish to make extensive changes to the existing structure,

4. Floor Insulation

During winter, an uninsulated floor allows cold air to enter your home from the underground. As a result, your heater must run for longer to adequately heat your home, leading to high energy costs. For an average home, approximately 10% of heat loss is through the ground floor.

However, not everyone needs floor insulation. Older houses with a suspended floor and those with a crawlspace underneath require floor insulation the most.

Here are some easy ways you can insulate your floor:

5. Crawl Space Insulation

A crawl space is a narrow, unoccupied space between the ground and the first floor. Once a popular construction option, crawl spaces have lost popularity as people realize they have all the drawbacks of a basement with no functionality.

While crawl spaces offer easy access to ducts and pipes, homes with crawl spaces are highly prone to moisture-related problems such as mold growth, termites, and structural damage.

Here are some steps you can take to insulate your crawl space and protect your home from water damage:

6. Window Insulation

Window insulation is an often overlooked part of home insulation; however, it plays the most significant role in your home’s energy efficiency.

Approximately 30% of a home’s heating energy is lost through windows. In summers, about 76% of the sunlight that falls on a standard window becomes heat.

Therefore, it is essential to insulate your windows. It can reduce heat transfer between your house and the outside environment, leading to significant energy savings.

Here are a few steps that you can take:

7. Door Insulation

A leaky door can increase energy bills by letting conditioned air outside and vice versa.

Sealing air leaks in your doors can reduce energy costs and make your living space more comfortable. For optimum performance, insulate the door itself as well as the door frame.

8. Duct Insulation

If you own a central air conditioner, you must have a system of ducts running through your home to supply conditioned air.

Poor insulation or air leaks can lead to loss of conditioned air, adding hundreds to your electricity bill. Experts estimate that about 20 to 30% of the air that moves through ducts is lost due to leaks. Sealing and insulating ducts can conserve energy and reduce your AC costs.

Installing New Duct Systems:

Even well-sealed and insulated ducts will leak some air. As a result, many new homes are being built with ducts installed in spaces falling under the home’s air and thermal boundaries. This helps prevent the loss of conditioned air and helps save 15% on cooling costs.

Ducts in unconditioned spaces can lead to moisture problems, air quality issues, and of course, high energy bills. If you have really old ductwork, then it’s a good idea to opt for modern and more energy-efficient replacements.

Insulating Existing Systems:

If your ducts run through unconditioned spaces such as attics or crawlspaces, you can use mastic to seal any leaks or holes. Make sure to seal the connections where vents meet floors, walls, or ceiling.

You can also insulate your ducts with foil-faced fiberglass insulation. Cut the insulation to size with a utility knife and wrap it around the duct. Close the joint with short strips of foil tape and then apply a long strip of foil tape around it.

Preformed duct insulation is another easy option. You only need to disconnect the duct to expose one end and slip the preformed insulation on.

9. Garage Insulation

Many homeowners neglect to insulate their garage, considering it unnecessary. However, weatherizing your garage can have notable benefits, especially if you plan to use it as a home office or home gym.

Garage insulation has the following notable benefits:

These and many more benefits make garage insulation a no-brainer for the savvy homeowner. If you want to insulate your garage for cheap, you can DIY your garage insulation.

10. Basement Insulation

Basements are often the coldest part of a home since hot air rises while cold air sinks.

Basements are also prone to water damage. An adequately insulated basement can prevent damage due to water and keep your basement comfortable and mold-free.

Best Insulation Types for Basements:

Since basements are susceptible to water damage, make sure it does not trap moisture when installing insulation. Examples of suitable basement insulation include:

All three types of insulation mentioned above are suitable for basements because they do not trap moisture. However, builders avoid using XPS because it is made with a blowing agent with a high global warming potential. For ideal insulation, make sure you also insulate the rim joists with spray foam insulation.

When insulating with rigid foam, you must separate the foam from the living space by installing ½ inch drywall or another material that is equivalent in fire resistance to ½ inch drywall.

Benefits of Home Insulation

Home insulation has numerous benefits which make it a necessity for homeowners:

1. Increased Comfort

Home insulation maintains the ideal temperature settings inside your house for both winters and summers by reducing heat transfer. You no longer have to deal with cold draughts in the winters or a burning home in the summers.

2. Lower Electricity Bills

By reducing heat transfer, home insulation also decreases the amount of time your HVAC unit must run. Your HVAC unit can run at lower power for a lesser time and still maintain your ideal temperature. As a result, you can see a change in your electricity bills.

3. Better Resale Value

Well-installed home insulation is a sign of a high-quality house. You improve your house resale value by opting for insulation. Prospective buyers are typically willing to offer more for a well-built energy efficient house.

4. Environmental Benefits

According to one scientific study, properly insulating every home in the United States would result in 190,000 fewer tons of Sulphur dioxide. Furthermore, 100,000 fewer tons of nitrous oxide, and 3100 fewer tons of fine particulate matter 2.5.

5. Health Benefits

The same study found that reducing these harmful emissions is associated with 240 fewer deaths, 6500 fewer asthma attacks, and 110,000 fewer sick days.

Complementing Home Insulation With Other Energy Saving Measures

While home insulation is no doubt valuable, it is only the first step towards an energy-efficient home. For maximum savings, you should supplement your insulation with other energy-saving measures. Here a smart thermostat or a smart AC controller can be indispensable.

Smart AC controllers have countless benefits. They can automatically switch off your AC when it achieves your desired temperature or when you leave home. They ensure that your AC is never running when it doesn’t need to. By keeping track of maintenance, they also improve the performance and prolong the lifespan of your AC unit.

Home insulation has numerous advantages. It is in the best interest of homeowners to ensure that their insulation is always up to the standard. Not just for their own sake, but also for the environment. With this handy guide to house insulation, you should be ready to create an energy-efficient home.


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